美国伦理〈欲女春潮〉,肖雅婷单挑榜一引热议,硅基芯片科技革新,星空传媒xk8038在线,g52g我爱搞g52.ppt,桔子tv传媒,正品蓝最新发布地址,投资展望2024,69一区二三区优质精华液,国产一卡2卡三卡4卡95,亚洲w欧洲无码sss222

Tesco驗(yàn)廠食品生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(TFMS標(biāo)準(zhǔn))概述

Introduction to the Tesco Food Manufacturing Standard
Tesco驗(yàn)廠食品生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)介紹

一、Aim 目的
Tesco is committed to ensuring all Tesco brand products produced by our suppliers are safe, meet legal requirements and are of the agreed quality. Suppliers must meet Tesco Ethical requirements (Tesco Ethical Trading Code of Practice – Document No 388).
樂(lè)購(gòu)致力于保證供應(yīng)商為樂(lè)購(gòu)生產(chǎn)的自有品牌產(chǎn)品是安全且符合法規(guī)要求，并達(dá)到約定質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品。供應(yīng)商必須符合樂(lè)購(gòu)的道德貿(mào)易要求（樂(lè)購(gòu)道德貿(mào)易COP――文件編號(hào)388）。


二、Objective 目標(biāo)
The Tesco Food Manufacturing Standard (TFMS) clearly sets out our requirements for suppliers. In some instances the TFMS will make reference to a Code of Practice which is also applicable and details our additional requirements on this subject. Under no circumstance does adherence to the TFMS replace the need for compliance to all relevant legal standards in the country of manufacture or the intended country of sale. Compliance to the standard is in addition to the duty held by the supplier to produce safe and legal food.
樂(lè)購(gòu)食品生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (TFMS)清楚描述出了我們對(duì)供應(yīng)商的要求。在某些情況下，TFMS 會(huì)引用到其它適用的COP 文件，該文件同樣適用，成為該條款另外的要求。任何情況下，對(duì)本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的符合性均不能代替符合生產(chǎn)所在國(guó)或預(yù)期銷(xiāo)售國(guó)相關(guān)法律標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的必要性。供應(yīng)商除了承擔(dān)生產(chǎn)安全合法食品的職責(zé)以外，還應(yīng)符合該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。


三、Scope 范圍
The TFMS is applicable to all primary and secondary food suppliers to Tesco, with the exception of those that supply whole fresh produce which are audited against the Tesco Produce Packhouse Standard (TPPS) document 414. Although identified as a food manufacturing standard, this document applies equally to sites packing food.
除了那些供應(yīng)完整的生鮮產(chǎn)品的工廠使用TPPS 外，TFMS 的內(nèi)容適用于所有供樂(lè)購(gòu)的所有一級(jí)和二級(jí)食品供應(yīng)商。雖然此文件被定為食品生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但同樣適用于包裝食品的工廠。


四、The Arrangement and Configuration of the TFMS  TFMS 的結(jié)構(gòu)與安排
The food manufacturing industry has many complexities. It encompasses many different technologies and specific product groups have their own individual risks associated e.g. the risks associated with short shelf life ready-to-eat chilled foods, will be significantly different to those associated with uncooked rice grains or canned Tuna fish.
食品生產(chǎn)行業(yè)有各種復(fù)雜性，它包含各種不同的工藝，并且不同的產(chǎn)品品類(lèi)有各自不同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，如保質(zhì)期很短的即食冷藏食品的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，與生的谷物類(lèi)的大米或金槍魚(yú)罐頭產(chǎn)品的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是明顯地不同的。

The controls required to ensure food safety will therefore be different for each product type, depending on a range of factors including personal hygiene, building fabrication, equipment design etc.
因而，針對(duì)每一個(gè)產(chǎn)品類(lèi)型，其保證食品安全的控制要求將會(huì)不同，這個(gè)取決于一系的因素，包括個(gè)人衛(wèi)生、建筑結(jié)構(gòu)、設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)等。

The TFMS details Tesco requirements for all types of food manufacturing (including the packing of food). It is divided into 35 sections and these are sub-divided into individual clauses (all uniquely numbered).
TFMS 描述了樂(lè)購(gòu)對(duì)所有食品種類(lèi)生產(chǎn)的要求（包括食品的分裝）。它被分成【35 個(gè)章節(jié)】，每個(gè)章節(jié)又分成單獨(dú)的條款（都有唯一的條款號(hào)）

To ensure that our requirements for some sectors of the industry e.g. ready-to-eat chilled foods, are not overly burdensome on other sectors, each clause of the TFMS has been given one of four classifications i.e. Base, Medium, High & Aspiration. The first 3 classifications relate to areas of a factory and the controls required. They must not be confused with common food industry terminology e.g. Base must not be used to describe ‘Low Risk.’ The requirements detailed for both Base & Medium may well apply
in a Low Risk environment (see glossary).
為了確保我們針對(duì)行業(yè)的某些部分的要求對(duì)其它部分不致過(guò)于繁瑣（如對(duì)于即食的冷藏食品），TFMS 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的每一個(gè)條款被規(guī)定為四個(gè)級(jí)別中的一個(gè)，如：基本、中、高和期望。前三個(gè)級(jí)別與工廠不同區(qū)域和其控制要求相關(guān)聯(lián)。它們一定不能與一般的食品行業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)相混淆，如“基本”不能用于描述“低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。基本和中的條款要求可以很好地應(yīng)用于低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)環(huán)境（【見(jiàn)術(shù)語(yǔ)】）。

(1) Base 基本
Base factory areas are those where the product is fully enclosed or packaged. These requirements apply to all manufacturing/ packing sites irrespective of the product or process. If specific parts of the factory are operated at Medium or High standards, these areas must also comply with all of the Base requirements.
屬于基本的工廠區(qū)域的是，該區(qū)域產(chǎn)品是完全密封或包裝狀態(tài)。這些要求適用于所有的生產(chǎn)/包裝工廠，無(wú)論什么產(chǎn)品或加工過(guò)程。如果工廠的某些部分按中或高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求操作，這些區(qū)域也必須符合所有的基本的要求。

(2) Medium 中
These requirements specifically apply to areas of the factory where food is OPEN or EXPOSED to contamination (therefore increasing the risk in these areas). Associated areas or processes e.g. utensil washing/ storage, de-boxing/ handling food-contact packaging, equipment used for filling containers etc. will also be considered Medium areas. The clauses classified as Medium will be applicable in addition to all relevant Base requirements.
這些要求專(zhuān)門(mén)應(yīng)用于食品是開(kāi)放的或暴露的區(qū)域，因些在這些區(qū)域增加了被污染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。相關(guān)的區(qū)域或過(guò)程（如：工器具清洗/存放，去掉外箱/處理食品接觸的包裝材料，用作灌裝容器的設(shè)備等）也考慮為中區(qū)域，在這些區(qū)域，除了基本條款要求外，定義為中等的條款也將適用。

(3) High 高
These requirements apply to all areas that are identified as handling or processing high-risk or high-care products. The clauses classified as high will be applicable, in addition to the relevant Base and Medium requirements.
這些要求應(yīng)用于所有被確認(rèn)為處理或加工高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或高防護(hù)產(chǎn)品的區(qū)域，在這些區(qū)域，除了基本和中等條款要求外，被定義為高級(jí)別的條款也將適用。

The risk in this area is higher than that in the Base / Medium area e.g. the product may be susceptible to the growth of pathogenic bacteria and may be provided to the consumer as a ready-to-eat item.
這個(gè)區(qū)域內(nèi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比基本/中等區(qū)域的高，如產(chǎn)品可能會(huì)被污染，導(dǎo)致致病菌增殖，并可作為即食產(chǎn)品提供給消費(fèi)者

High Care/ High Risk must be physically segregated from Low Risk e.g. by a dividing wall
高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)/高防護(hù)區(qū)域必須與低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)域物理地隔開(kāi)，如有分隔的墻。

(4) Aspiration (APSN)期望
Some sections have additional elements (Aspirations) which Tesco believe will help move standards forward within the food supply base. These are not prescribed requirements but it must be noted that ASPN clauses may potentially become requirements in future versions of the TFMS.
有些章節(jié)還包括另外的一些要素，樂(lè)購(gòu)認(rèn)為這些要素有助于在食品供應(yīng)基地內(nèi)推動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)施。它們并非規(guī)定的要求，但必須說(shuō)明的是，這些期望條款在以后的TFMS 版本中可能潛在地變成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。

(5) Base, Medium, High – In Combination at a Factory 基本、中等、高等在一個(gè)工廠中的組合
Base, Medium & High classifications represent the level of control required to effectively manage the risk at each stage in the process or type of production environment. They therefore reflect the risk presented to the raw materials, work in progress or finished products from associated hazards e.g. foreign body contamination or microbiological contamination (possibly originating from personnel,manufacturing equipment, unprocessed raw materials or the building fabrication).
基本、中等、高等的級(jí)別體現(xiàn)的是控制要求的級(jí)別，這些級(jí)別用于有效地管理每一個(gè)加工階段或加工環(huán)境的類(lèi)型的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，它們反映了出現(xiàn)在原料，加工過(guò)程或成品中的源自相關(guān)危害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，如異物污染或微生物污染（很可能源自人員、加工設(shè)備、未加工的原料或建筑設(shè)施）。

Factories that contain Medium or High areas must not be thought of as a ‘Medium’ or ‘High’ factory. It is more appropriate to consider that a factory may have Base, Medium and High areas and that the product risk / controls required, will be different in each area.
包含有“中等”或“高等”區(qū)域的工廠，不能被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)“中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”或“高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”的工廠。如果認(rèn)為該工廠有基本、中等和高等區(qū)域，并且其產(chǎn)品風(fēng)險(xiǎn)/控制要求在各個(gè)區(qū)域會(huì)不一樣，將會(huì)更合理。

Note: If a factory operates a Low Risk / High Care divide (as above), Low Risk may include both Base and Medium controls i.e. it is not expected or required that sites use the term Medium to describe parts of their factory. Medium just describes the level of control required
注：如果一個(gè)工廠是低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)／高防護(hù)部分，低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能包括“基本”和“中”控制要求，如不希望或要求工廠用“中等”這個(gè)詞來(lái)描述該區(qū)域。“中等”僅用于描述其控制要求的級(jí)別。


五、Auditing of the Standard 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的審核
Tesco reserves the right to undertake regular audits against this standard (at factories manufacturing / packing Tesco brand) and will determine the degree of compliance to each section. Information on the Tesco audit process can be found on the Tesco Technical Library (TTL) or from aTesco Technical Manager. There is a likelihood that some non-conformances will be raised during the audit and these will be categorized as:
Tesco 有權(quán)依此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求定期進(jìn)行審核（在生產(chǎn)／包裝Tesco 產(chǎn)品的工廠），并確定每個(gè)工廠符合性的級(jí)別。在Tesco 技術(shù)網(wǎng)站(TTL)上或從負(fù)責(zé)的Tesco 技術(shù)經(jīng)理處，可獲得有關(guān)Tesco 審核流程的信息。在審核的過(guò)程中，很可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些不符合項(xiàng)，這些不符合項(xiàng)將被分類(lèi)為：

● Critical - Failure to meet a food safety standard or a legal standard; where this failure puts the customer and or Tesco brand integrity at risk.
關(guān)鍵－不符合食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或法規(guī)要求，這個(gè)不符合將使顧客或Tesco 品牌形象處于危險(xiǎn)之中。

● Major – A deficiency which requires prompt attention to prevent a potential food safety failure or legal issue from arising; where this failure may potentially put customers or the Tesco brand integrity at risk.
嚴(yán)重－一個(gè)缺失，需要盡快解決以防進(jìn)一步發(fā)展造成潛在的食品安全不符或合法性問(wèn)題，這個(gè)不符合可能潛在地會(huì)使顧客或Tesco 品牌形象處于危險(xiǎn)之中。

● Minor – A deficiency which requires attention to improve Good Manufacturing Practice standards, Due Diligence documentation (Tesco ability to defend a legal challenge) or to achieve compliance with Tesco standards.
一般－一個(gè)缺失，需要解決以提高良好生產(chǎn)規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，盡職盡責(zé)文件（Tesco抵御執(zhí)法質(zhì)詢(xún)的能力），或?qū)esco標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的符合性。

Depending on the category of non conformances and numbers identified, sites will receive a specific rating.
依據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)的不符合項(xiàng)的類(lèi)別和數(shù)量，工廠將獲得一明確的等級(jí)：
● Blue 藍(lán)燈= Satisfactory 滿(mǎn)意
● Green 綠燈 = Satisfactory 滿(mǎn)意
● Amber 黃燈 = Improvement needed 需要提高
● Double Amber 雙黃燈 = Improvement needed 需要提高
● Red 紅燈= Not Satisfactory 不滿(mǎn)意

Note. Double Amber status is used for sites which have consecutive Ambers (and those which were Red prior to Amber).
注：雙黃燈的情況被用于連續(xù)兩次得黃燈的工廠（并且這些優(yōu)先得紅燈，而非黃燈）


六、New Sites 新工廠
In instances where a site has not previously worked with Tesco i.e. the audit is undertaken as part of the initial ‘approval process’, the rating will be either Approved or Not Approved.
對(duì)于一個(gè)工廠之前沒(méi)有與Tesco 合作的情況下，作為批準(zhǔn)供應(yīng)商的一部分而進(jìn)行的審核，審核的等級(jí)將為“批準(zhǔn)”或“不批準(zhǔn)”。


七、Country Specific Requirements各國(guó)特別的要求
Although this Food Manufacturing Standard is a ‘Group’ document i.e. it applies globally; a small number of the clauses may apply only to factories supplying products to Tesco stores in specific countries e.g. to Tesco UK.
雖然這個(gè)TFMS 是一個(gè)集團(tuán)文件，在全球執(zhí)行，但是少量的條款可能僅適用于工廠供應(yīng)的Tesco門(mén)店所有的國(guó)家，如Tesco 英國(guó)。

Where this is the case, the clause will be in “italics” and slightly shaded (grey). It also will note the specific country / countries where it is applicable e.g clause 3.10 Controlled Ingredients.
有這種情況時(shí)，該條款將為“斜體字”和淡的灰色陰影。并且標(biāo)有明確的的適用國(guó)家，如條款“3.10 受控的原料”。

The TFMS also makes reference to additional Tesco Codes of Practice and again these may also only be applicable to factories supplying products to Tesco stores in specific countries e.g. the UK (this will be clearly noted)
TFMS 也引用額外的Tesco COP，這些COP 也會(huì)僅適用于工廠供應(yīng)的Tesco 門(mén)店所在的特定國(guó)家，如英國(guó)（這個(gè)也有明確的標(biāo)注）


八、TFMS Category Guidelines TFMS 分類(lèi)指南
Due to the nature of certain product types e.g. Fermented meats and Un-pasteurised cheese; there may be additional guideline documents that need to be read in conjunction with the TFMS. Suppliers must ensure that they have all the relevant documents and if they are unsure, any questions must be directed to the relevant Tesco Technical Manager.
由于特定的產(chǎn)品類(lèi)型的自然特點(diǎn)，如發(fā)酵肉和未紅巴氏殺菌的奶酪，額外的指引文件與TFMS一樣，需要了解。供應(yīng)商必須確保已經(jīng)取得所有的相關(guān)的文件，如果他們不確定，任何問(wèn)題應(yīng)直接聯(lián)系相關(guān)的Tesco 技術(shù)經(jīng)理。